One Piece Streaming Platforms And Global Reach Analysis

Published

One Piece Streaming
Table of Contents

The global phenomenon of One Piece has seamlessly transitioned from physical media to digital streaming, reshaping how fans worldwide access Eiichiro Oda’s magnum opus. As the franchise evolves, streaming platforms now dictate accessibility, quality, and cultural engagement, with each service offering distinct advantages—from simultaneous releases to high-definition remasters. This exploration examines the technical, legal, and communal dimensions of One Piece streaming, dissecting platform disparities, historical shifts, and the fan-driven ecosystems that sustain its digital legacy.

From the legal complexities of unofficial sources to the technical intricacies of 4K remasters, the landscape of One Piece streaming reflects broader industry trends while catering to a fanbase that thrives on real-time discussions and high-fidelity content. The analysis delves into how these platforms have not only democratized access but also influenced fan theories, live events, and the franchise’s global narrative—bridging gaps between regional releases and fan expectations.

One Piece Streaming

The global distribution of One Piece—spanning its anime adaptation, live-action series, and specials—relies on a network of licensed streaming platforms tailored to regional markets. Availability varies significantly by country, with differences in content types (e.g., anime vs. live-action), streaming quality (4K, HDR, dub/subtitles), and legal restrictions. Unofficial sources, while accessible, pose risks ranging from malware to legal repercussions, impacting both viewers and the franchise’s long-term sustainability. Below is a structured breakdown of official platforms, their features, and the implications of unauthorized streaming.

Licensed Streaming Platforms by Region and Content Type

The following table summarizes major platforms offering One Piece content, categorized by region, content format, and notable features. Availability is subject to licensing agreements, which often exclude certain countries or restrict simultaneous releases.
Platform Name Content Type (Anime/Live-Action) Region Access Notable Features
Crunchyroll Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies, Specials Global (varies by country; e.g., excluded in China, India, Russia)
  • Simulcast releases in most regions (excluding Japan, where episodes air on Fuji TV).
  • 4K HDR available for select episodes/movies (via Crunchyroll Premium tier).
  • Multi-language dubs (English, Spanish, French, German, etc.) and subtitles (20+ languages).
  • Ad-supported (free) and subscription tiers ($7.99–$14.99/month).
  • Crunchyroll Premium includes offline downloads and higher-quality streams.
Netflix Live-Action Series (One Piece 2023) Select regions (e.g., U.S., Canada, UK, Australia, Japan, parts of Europe/Latin America)
  • Exclusive rights to the live-action series (Season 1 released globally in 2023).
  • 4K HDR and Dolby Atmos available in supported regions.
  • English, Japanese, and Spanish dubs with subtitles in multiple languages.
  • Subscription-only (no free tier); pricing varies by country ($15.49–$22.99/month).
  • Simultaneous release across most licensed territories.
Funimation (now Crunchyroll) Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies U.S., Canada, Latin America (merged into Crunchyroll)
  • Formerly operated independently before acquisition; now integrated with Crunchyroll’s library.
  • Offered 4K streams for select titles (e.g., One Piece movies) prior to merger.
  • English dub produced by Funimation (now part of Sony Pictures Television).
Wakanim Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies, Specials France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada (French-speaking regions)
  • Simulcast releases with French dub and subtitles.
  • 4K HDR available for movies (via subscription).
  • Subscription-based ($7.99/month); ad-free.
  • Partnership with Crunchyroll for content distribution in Europe.
Hulu Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies U.S., Japan (via Hulu Japan)
  • Available in the U.S. via Crunchyroll’s integration (2023 merger).
  • Japanese simulcast on Hulu Japan (episodes air 24 hours after Fuji TV).
  • No 4K HDR; standard definition streams.
  • Subscription required ($7.99–$17.99/month).
Viz Media (via Amazon Prime Video) Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies U.S., Canada, UK, Australia, Japan
  • Licensed to Amazon Prime Video in select regions (e.g., U.S. until 2023).
  • English dub produced by Viz Media (now defunct; rights transferred to Crunchyroll).
  • No 4K HDR; standard definition streams.
  • Available with Prime Video subscription or purchase/rental.
Tencent Video (腾讯视频) Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies China (Mainland)
  • Exclusive rights in China; simulcast with Chinese subtitles/dubs.
  • No 4K HDR; standard definition streams.
  • Subscription or pay-per-episode ($0.99–$2.99/episode).
  • Licensed by Toei Animation (publisher of One Piece).
AnimeLab Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies Australia, New Zealand
  • Simulcast releases with English dub/subtitles.
  • 4K HDR available for select movies (via subscription).
  • Subscription-based ($8.99/month); ad-free.
  • Partnership with Crunchyroll for content distribution.
iQIYI (爱奇艺) Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies China (Mainland), Southeast Asia
  • Licensed for Chinese and Southeast Asian markets.
  • Simulcast with Chinese subtitles/dubs; limited English options.
  • No 4K HDR; standard definition streams.
  • Subscription or pay-per-episode ($0.99–$1.99/episode).
J:COM / TVer Anime (Episodes 1–1176+), Movies, Live-Action (Japan-only) Japan
  • Exclusive to Japanese viewers; simulcast with Japanese audio/subtitles.
  • 4K HDR available for select episodes/movies (via premium tiers).
  • Subscription-based (¥1,000–¥3,000/month); ad-supported options.
  • Live-action series airs on Fuji TV, with VOD available on TVer.
Note: Platform availability and content tiers are subject to change due to licensing renegotiations. For example, Crunchyroll’s

One Piece Streaming - Ilustrasi 2

Historical Evolution of One Piece Streaming: A Chronological Overview

The transition of One Piece from physical media to digital streaming reflects broader shifts in entertainment consumption, technological advancements, and global fan engagement. Initially dominated by DVD and Blu-ray sales, the franchise adapted to streaming platforms as internet infrastructure improved, regional licensing evolved, and fan expectations for accessibility grew. This evolution reshaped how audiences interacted with the series, from delayed releases sparking cultural debates to exclusive streaming deals expanding its international reach. Below, a decade-by-decade breakdown examines key milestones, technological shifts, and their impact on One Piece’s global fanbase.

1999–2009: The DVD Era and Early Digital Experiments

The late 1990s and 2000s marked One Piece’s physical media dominance, with DVDs serving as the primary distribution method. Japan led adoption, while Western regions lagged due to localization delays and limited availability. Early digital experiments included limited online streaming trials, but bandwidth constraints and piracy concerns hindered widespread adoption.
  • 1999–2001: DVD Debut and Regional Fragmentation
    One Piece’s first DVD releases in Japan (1999) achieved record-breaking sales, with the East Blue Saga volumes selling over 1 million copies each. Western releases, however, faced delays—North America’s first DVD (Episode of Alabasta) arrived in 2003, while Europe followed in 2004. Fan frustration over gaps between Japanese and Western releases became a recurring theme, fueled by forums and early fan sites.
  • 2004–2006: Blu-ray Arrival and Piracy Backlash
    The introduction of Blu-ray in 2004 (with Episode of Chopper Plus) improved visual quality but also coincided with rising piracy. Toei Animation and distributors like Funimation implemented DRM measures, while fan communities debated the ethics of digital sharing. Japan’s One Piece Blu-rays often included bonus content like original video animations (OVAs), a tactic later mirrored in streaming exclusives.
  • 2007–2009: Early Online Platforms and Fan-Driven Workarounds
    Limited streaming tests appeared on platforms like Crunchyroll (2006) and Hulu (2007), but bandwidth issues restricted simultaneous viewers. Fans relied on subtitles from unofficial sources (e.g., One Piece Subs on YouTube) due to official delays. The Wano Country Arc (2009) in manga prompted early fan theories about potential anime delays, foreshadowing later debates over streaming exclusives.
"In 2005, One Piece Blu-rays accounted for 12% of Toei’s total anime DVD sales in Japan, a trend that would later shift as streaming platforms prioritized digital-first releases." — Anime Industry Report (2006), Anime News Network

2010–2019: The Streaming Revolution and Exclusive Deals

The 2010s saw streaming platforms emerge as dominant forces, with One Piece becoming a focal point for exclusivity wars. Netflix’s 2019 deal marked a turning point, while Crunchyroll and Funimation expanded digital libraries. Technological upgrades like 4K remasters and Dolby Atmos audio further elevated production value, though regional disparities in release schedules persisted.
  • 2010–2013: Crunchyroll’s Rise and Subtitle Wars
    Crunchyroll’s launch of One Piece in 2010 (with simultaneous Japanese and English subtitles) addressed fan demands for real-time access. However, Toei’s licensing restrictions limited full episodes, forcing platforms to offer "simulcast" snippets. The Thriller Bark Arc (2011) became a test case for streaming engagement, with Crunchyroll reporting a 40% increase in One Piece-related searches during its release.
  • 2014–2016: 4K Remasters and Platform Competition
    The One Piece Blu-ray 4K Remaster series (2014) introduced upscaled visuals and restored scenes, setting a precedent for future streaming remasters. Netflix entered negotiations in 2016, but delays in securing rights led fans to speculate about Toei’s hesitation to abandon physical sales. Meanwhile, Funimation’s Crunchyroll merger (2017) consolidated One Piece’s digital presence under one distributor.
  • 2017–2019: Netflix Deal and Global Viewership Spikes
    Netflix’s announcement in 2019 to stream One Piece (starting with Episode of Sabo in 2020) sparked mixed reactions. While fans praised the move for accessibility, critics highlighted Netflix’s history of removing anime post-exclusivity. The Wano Arc (2021) became a streaming phenomenon, with Netflix reporting 1.5 billion minutes watched in its first week—a record for anime on the platform. Regional delays (e.g., Southeast Asia’s 6-month gap) reignited debates over "global anime" ethics.
"Netflix’s One Piece deal wasn’t just about streaming—it was about redefining fandom. The Wano Arc’s viewership spike proved that anime could compete with Hollywood blockbusters in digital consumption." — The Verge, 2021

2020–Present: The Age of Exclusivity and Fan-Driven Adaptations

The 2020s solidified streaming as the primary consumption method, with One Piece leveraging exclusives, interactive content, and cross-platform synergy. Platforms like Netflix and Crunchyroll now release episodes simultaneously with Japan, though regional blackouts remain contentious. Fan theories about delayed releases (e.g., One Piece’s absence from Disney+) reflect ongoing tensions between corporate strategy and global fanbases.
  • 2020–2022: Netflix’s Dominance and Crunchyroll’s Catch-Up
    Netflix’s One Piece library expanded to include OVAs and movies, while Crunchyroll countered with One Piece: Stampede (2022), a live-action film exclusive. The Eiichiro Oda’s One Piece Film: Red (2022) release on Netflix drew 2.1 billion minutes viewed, surpassing the Wano Arc’s record. However, Netflix’s removal of older episodes post-exclusivity led to backlash, with fans migrating to Crunchyroll for full libraries.
  • 2023–2024: 4K HDR Remasters and Platform Wars
    The One Piece 4K HDR Remaster series (2023) introduced Dolby Vision and Atmos audio, aligning with streaming’s high-definition standards. Crunchyroll’s One Piece channel became a hub for fan discussions, while Amazon Prime Video entered negotiations for potential future deals. The One Piece 100th Episode (2024) was simulcast globally, a rarity for major anime arcs, signaling a shift toward unified release strategies.
  • 2024 and Beyond: The Future of One Piece Streaming
    Emerging trends include interactive streaming (e.g., Crunchyroll’s One Piece fan polls) and AI-driven subtitles, though piracy remains a challenge in regions with limited access. Fan theories about One Piece’s potential move to Disney+ or Max highlight the franchise’s status as a "streaming goldmine." Meanwhile, Japan’s One Piece streaming service (One Piece Official App) offers exclusive content, reinforcing the gap between domestic and international audiences.
"By 2023, One Piece accounted for 18% of Crunchyroll’s total anime subscriptions, outpacing franchises like Naruto and Dragon Ball Z—a testament to streaming’s role in sustaining long-running series." — Super Data Research, 2023

One Piece Streaming - Ilustrasi 3

Fan Communities and Streaming Culture in One Piece: Dynamics, Tools, and Influence

The One Piece franchise has cultivated a deeply engaged global fanbase, where streaming platforms and digital communities serve as the primary hubs for real-time discussions, collaborative content creation, and speculative analysis. Fan-driven initiatives—ranging from live reactions to translation patches—have not only enhanced accessibility but also shaped the franchise’s cultural footprint. This section examines the key platforms facilitating One Piece streaming culture, the organization of live events, the proliferation of fan-made content, and the role of streaming in amplifying fan theories.

Major Fan-Driven Platforms for One Piece Streaming Discussions

Fan communities dedicated to One Piece operate across multiple digital spaces, each serving distinct functions such as spoiler management, translation support, or content curation. These platforms often overlap, with users migrating between them based on the type of engagement required.
  • Discord Servers
    Discord hosts thousands of One Piece-dedicated servers, with notable examples including:
  • "One Piece Fanatics" (moderated, spoiler-free zones for live discussions).
  • "One Piece Translation Patches" (collaborative hubs for real-time subtitling, e.g., for unlicensed releases).
  • "One Piece Anime & Manga Reactions" (dedicated channels for live-streamed premieres and chapter drops).
    • These servers employ role-based access (e.g., "Spoiler-Free," "Theory Central") and automated tools like SpoilerBot to segregate content and prevent leaks during major releases.
  • Reddit Communities
    Subreddits such as r/OnePiece and r/OnePieceTheory function as both discussion forums and spoiler-tracking systems. Key features include:
  • Sticky posts during anime premieres or manga chapter releases, outlining spoiler policies.
  • Moderated threads for live reactions, with pinned comments aggregating fan interpretations.
  • AMAs (Ask Me Anything) with translators (e.g., Viz Media or Manga Plus staff) or creators of fan projects.
    • The community enforces strict spoiler tags (e.g., `[Spoiler: Chapter 1100]`) and uses Reddit’s "Hide Comments" feature to contain leaks.
  • YouTube Channels and Live-Streaming Hubs
    Channels like "One Piece Anime" (official) and "One Piece Fan Art & Theories" (fan-run) host:
  • Simulcast reactions (e.g., Crunchyroll’s live subtitles paired with fan commentary).
  • Fan-edited compilations (e.g., "One Piece: Best Moments" montages with trending audio).
  • Collaborative live streams (e.g., Twitch partnerships between One Piece enthusiasts and animators).
    • Tools like OBS Studio and Streamlabs are commonly used to overlay subtitles or integrate chat interactions.
  • Specialized Forums and Archives
    Older platforms like 4chan (/a/) and AnimeSuki retain niche relevance for:
  • Early spoiler dissemination (e.g., 4chan’s "One Piece" board for raw translations).
  • Deep-dive theories (e.g., AnimeSuki’s "Luffy’s Gear 5" thread archive).
  • Fan fiction and art sharing (e.g., DeviantArt for One Piece-themed creations).
    • These sites often serve as archives for historical discussions, though moderation varies widely.
Key Role of These Platforms
Fan-driven platforms mitigate language barriers (via translation patches), centralize live reactions, and preserve community-driven content. Their interconnectedness ensures that discussions—whether about lore or streaming logistics—remain dynamic and accessible.

Organization of Live-Streaming Events for One Piece Releases

Live-streaming events for One Piece anime premieres, manga chapter drops, and special episodes (e.g., Film: Red, Episode of Luffy) are meticulously coordinated by fans to replicate theater-like experiences. These events leverage platforms like Twitch, YouTube Live, and Facebook Gaming, often integrating real-time translation tools.
  • Event Types and Platforms
    1. Anime Simulcast Premieres
      Services like Crunchyroll, HIDIVE, and Funimation host official live streams, but fan communities enhance them via:
    2. Twitch overlays (e.g., Luffy’s gear icons during power-ups).
    3. Discord voice channels for synchronized commentary.
    4. Simultaneous subtitling via Aegisub or Jubler for unlicensed releases (e.g., Chinese/Cantonese patches).
    5. Manga Chapter Drops
      Fans organize "Chapter Day" events on platforms like Manga Plus or Viz’s official site, with:
    6. Reddit AMAs with translators (e.g., Viz’s "Behind the Scenes" threads).
    7. Twitter hashtags (#OnePieceChapterX) for real-time reactions.
    8. Fan art contests (e.g., DeviantArt challenges tied to chapter themes).
    9. Special Episodes/Films
      Events like the 2022 One Piece Film: Red premiere saw:
    10. Twitch drops (e.g., Luffy cosplayers streaming reactions).
    11. YouTube collabs (e.g., Japanese dub vs. English dub comparisons).
    12. 4chan threads for instant theory-sharing (e.g., "Is this the Will of D?").
  • Tools and Technologies
    Fans employ a mix of free and proprietary tools to enhance live streams:
    Tool Purpose Example Use Case
    OBS Studio Stream composition (subtitles, overlays, alerts). Adding "Spoiler Warning" banners during major reveals.
    Streamlabs Chatbot Moderation and audience interaction. Auto-muting spoilers in chat during live anime streams.
    Aegisub/Jubler Real-time subtitling for unlicensed content. Translating Japanese audio to Spanish for Latin American fans.
    Discord Bots (e.g., Carl-bot) Spoiler segregation and role management. Auto-assigning "Spoiler-Free" roles during chapter releases.
  • Community Coordination
    Events are planned via:
  • Google Docs schedules (shared among streamers).
  • Discord event calendars (e.g., "One Piece Live Reactions: Chapter 1100").
  • Twitter polls to gauge interest in specific topics (e.g., "Should we focus on Kizaru’s fight?").
    • Cross-platform synergy ensures global participation, with time-zone adjustments (e.g., Asia-Pacific streams for early access).
Impact on Fan Engagement
These events foster a sense of shared experience, particularly for non-native speakers or regions with delayed releases. The use of tools like Twitch’s "Host Mode" (for multi-streamer collaborations) and YouTube’s "Premieres" feature has professionalized fan-driven streaming, blurring lines between official and community content.

Fan-Made Content Tied to One Piece Streaming and Its Influence

Fan-generated content—ranging from reaction videos to edited clips—plays a pivotal role in sustaining One Piece’s online virality. This content often serves as a bridge between official releases and casual audiences, while also influencing franchise trends.
  • Reaction Videos and Live Commentary
    Platforms like YouTube and Twitch host channels dedicated to:
  • First-reaction streams (e.g., "One Piece Chapter 1100: My Thoughts").
  • Theory-driven analyses (e.g., "Is Kizaru a God?"

    • Technical Aspects of High-Quality One Piece Streams

    High-quality streaming of One Piece requires a balance of technical specifications, platform choices, and hardware configurations to ensure minimal latency, sharp visuals, and synchronized audio. The series’ long-running nature and global fanbase demand adaptability across regions, devices, and network conditions. Below, the technical foundations for optimal playback, comparisons between official and unofficial sources, and actionable improvements for viewers are outlined.

    Technical Specifications for Optimal Streaming

    Streaming quality in One Piece hinges on three core technical parameters: bitrate, codec efficiency, and hardware compatibility. Official platforms prioritize H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) for its superior compression ratio, reducing file sizes by up to 50% compared to older AVC/H.264 codecs while maintaining visual fidelity. For example, Netflix’s Red remaster uses HEVC at 1080p with a bitrate of 5–8 Mbps, while Crunchyroll’s Blue Ray Remaster often employs AVC at 1080p with 8–12 Mbps, sacrificing efficiency for broader device support.

    Recommended hardware for smooth playback:

  • CPU: Multi-core processors (Intel i5/i7 or AMD Ryzen 5/7) to handle decoding.
  • GPU: Dedicated graphics (NVIDIA GTX 1660 or AMD RX 5700) for hardware acceleration of HEVC decoding.
  • RAM: Minimum 8GB (16GB recommended for 4K streams).
  • Storage: SSD for buffering (HDD may cause stuttering with high-bitrate streams).
  • Network: Wired Ethernet (100+ Mbps) for consistency; 5GHz Wi-Fi (AC/Wi-Fi 6) for wireless setups to minimize latency.

    • Audio considerations:

  • Official dubs/subtitles use AAC or Dolby Digital 5.1 (Crunchyroll) or Atmos-compatible tracks (Netflix).
  • Fan patches (e.g., Funimation’s English dub) may introduce synchronization delays due to post-processing edits, while official Japanese subs retain precise timing but lack localized humor cues.

    • Comparison of Official vs. Unofficial Streaming Quality

    Official platforms employ lossless or near-lossless compression, whereas unofficial sources (e.g., torrent sites, YouTube rips) introduce artifacts, macroblocking, and audio desync. Key differences include:
    Metric Official (Netflix/Crunchyroll) Unofficial (Torrent/YouTube)
    Video Codec HEVC (H.265) or AVC (H.264) with CRF ~18–22 AVC (H.264) with aggressive CRF (~28+) or VP9 (YouTube)
    Bitrate (1080p) 5–12 Mbps (adaptive) 2–5 Mbps (variable, often lower)
    Artifacts Minimal (blocking only at low bitrates) Visible macroblocks, blurring, and compression ghosts
    Audio Sync ±50ms drift (official dubs/subtitles) ±200–500ms (re-encoded rips)
    Subtitle Accuracy Official: 99%+ (Japanese + localized); Fan patches: 85–95% Hard-subbed rips: 70–85% (often outdated)
    Example of compression loss:
  • A 10-minute clip from One Piece episode 1000 remastered at 8 Mbps (HEVC) yields ~400MB; the same clip re-encoded at 2 Mbps (AVC) for unofficial sites swells to ~1.2GB due to inefficiency, increasing buffering risks.

    • Step-by-Step Guide to Enhancing Streaming Experience

    Improving One Piece streams involves geo-unblocking, ad mitigation, and hardware optimization. Below is a structured approach:
    Prerequisite: Ensure your ISP does not throttle streaming traffic (e.g., Comcast/Xfinity may deprioritize Netflix).
    1. Geo-Unblocking with VPNs
      • Select VPNs with low latency and high-speed servers (e.g., NordVPN, ExpressVPN, or Surfshark) to access region-locked content.
      • Avoid free VPNs (e.g., Hola) due to DPI-based throttling and security risks.
      • Test server locations closest to the target region (e.g., Japan for Crunchyroll, USA for Netflix).
    2. Ad-Blocking and Browser Extensions
      • Use uBlock Origin (Firefox/Chrome) to block pre-roll ads and trackers without disrupting stream continuity.
      • Avoid ad-blockers that interfere with DRM (e.g., some versions of AdBlock Plus).
      • For Crunchyroll, disable "Premium Ads" in account settings if subscribed.
    3. Hardware and Network Optimization
      • Router Setup:
        • Enable QoS (Quality of Service) to prioritize streaming traffic (e.g., ASUS Merlin firmware).
        • Use 2.4GHz for stability (lower latency than 5GHz in congested areas).
      • Hardware Acceleration:
        • Enable Hardware Decoding in media players (e.g., VLC: Tools > Preferences > Video Codecs > Hardware-accelerated decoding).
        • For 4K streams, ensure NVENC (NVIDIA) or AMF (AMD) is active.
      • Buffering Mitigation:
        • Use FFmpeg to pre-buffer episodes:
          ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx265 -crf 20 -preset fast -c:a copy -f mp4 output.mp4
          (Replace `input.mp4` with the stream file; adjust `-crf` for quality/size trade-offs.)
    4. Subtitle and Dubbing Customization
      • Official Subtitles:
        • Download SRT files from Crunchyroll’s "Subtitles" section or Netflix’s accessibility settings.
        • Use Aegisub to sync subtitles manually if delays exceed ±100ms.
      • Fan Patches (Funimation vs. Official):
        • Funimation’s English dub prioritizes localized humor (e.g., Nami’s sarcasm) but may alter pacing.
        • Official Japanese subs preserve lore nuances (e.g., Devil Fruit names) but lack cultural context for non-native speakers.
        • For accuracy, compare patches using YouTube’s "Subtitles" feature with side-by-side playback.

    Role of Sub

    One Piece streaming represents a convergence of technology, fandom, and franchise strategy, where each platform’s offerings—whether through Netflix’s exclusives, Crunchyroll’s remasters, or fan-driven initiatives—shape the viewing experience. The evolution from DVDs to 4K streams underscores a shift toward instant gratification, yet challenges like regional delays and piracy persist, demanding both legal safeguards and technical innovation. As the series marches toward its finale, the digital ecosystem surrounding One Piece will continue to redefine how global audiences engage with anime, blending official releases with grassroots creativity to ensure its legacy endures beyond the screen.

    Leave a Comment

    Comments are moderated before appearing. The data you submit is processed according to the Privacy Policy of Backup Greatbigstory.